Seam converter

However, steam boilers and radiators tend to be inefficient due to their age and design, and conversion to hot water can yield considerable energy savings. Other than being more efficient, hot water systems also offer a faster response time than steam radiators, while having reduced maintenance costs and providing safer operation.

Steam-based heating systems are recommended in new constructions where steam is required for additional purposes other than heating, such as sterilization; or when waste steam is available from an industrial process or power plant. However, hot water is generally the best option for most other facilities.

The inefficiency of steam heating comes in great part from the design practices that were common early in the 20th century: health regulations required heating systems to be sized for buildings with open windows, even during the coldest days of winter. Therefore, steam radiators tend to overheat indoor spaces, and opening windows is the only way to regulate temperature. This practice represents a significant waste of energy, since part of the heating output is dumped outdoors.

Wasteful operation is not the only drawback of the conventional steam systems found in New York buildings. They also suffer from the following limitations:. Steam was used in older heating systems for the simple reason that it rises through piping without requiring a pump, and a single pipe can supply steam and retrieve condensed water from a radiator. However, the added cost of running a steam boiler far outweighs the pumping cost associated with a modern hot water system. Steam-based heating also has a very slow response time, limiting the use of automatic controls.

The main reason to upgrade a steam heating system to hot water is energy efficiency: for example, a heating system conversion project by the University of British Columbia achieved an efficiency increase from 60 to 85 percent. Steam-based systems also have higher maintenance expenses , which can be over 10 times higher than those of an equivalent hot water system.

Hot water systems also offer increased efficiency because they have faster response times and are easier to control. Variables such as water temperature and flow can be controlled with a precision that is simply not possible with steam, optimizing energy consumption and reducing energy expenses. As previously mentioned, steam heating systems are often oversized because they were designed to meet outdated health standards.

The first step before switching from steam to hot water is to calculate the heating load properly. Other than being inefficient, oversized boilers run in shorter cycles, wearing down their components and reducing their service life. This increases maintenance expenses and shortens the time between boiler replacements. The boiler is almost always downsized when a steam to hot water conversion is carried out, and getting in touch with a qualified design engineer or firm is highly recommended to get a properly-sized installation.

Although existing steam boilers can be modified to supply hot water, upgrading the unit is generally a better idea:. When upgrading from steam to hot water, it is important to determine if the radiators can be reused. Some radiators are designed exclusively for steam, and modifying them is generally expensive and not recommended; in these cases, the best option is to use a different heat delivery medium, such as a fan coil.

The radiator piping configuration is also important when deciding whether to reuse them or not. Convert Scanned pages will be images. Convert with OCR Scanned pages will be converted to text that can be edited.

Optional Settings. Deskew: Fix crooked images. Enable Deskew. Info: Please enable JavaScript for this website to function properly. How to convert to PDF? Upload the document or image you want to convert. Choose "Use OCR" if you want to extract text from a scanned page or an image optional. Choose "Deskew" if you want to correct a tilted scan optional. Click on "Start conversion" to create your PDF. Stay connected: Bookmark Like k share 2k tweet. Converter Convert to PDF. SEAM Converter.

SEAM Viewer. SEAM Editor. Then click the "Convert" button. This Converter works fast. Of course! We delete uploaded files after 24 hours and the download links will stop working after this time period. No one has access to your files. File Converting including seam framework java servlet file.