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You may also like to visit all free industrial eBooks and software downloads - no strings attached! Henri Fayol is also considered as the father of modern management. He also laid down best practices for managers, which are as follows: Managers must be able to complete work within a specified period of time Managers must organise both human and non-human resources in order to carry out tasks effectively.
Managers must take commands while selecting and assessing workers. Managers must ensure that all the activities are carried out as planned. According to him, investing in human resource is better than investing in other assets. He advocated that employees should be working because they are interested in it rather than being forced.
He also propounded that there should be a harmonious relationship between managers and employees in order to improve the efficacy of production. His philosophy and ideas are considered as a fore- runner to the development of behavioural approach of management. He also advocated that there should be well-defined regu- lations and authority in organisations. Weber perceived three types of administration, namely traditional, charismatic, and bureaucratic.
In traditional organisations, managerial positions are handed down from M one generation to the other irrespective of intelligence, knowledge, and experience. In charismatic organisations, management functions are not delegated and all the employees are considered to be the loyal N subjects of a leader. Mayo, also known as Elton Mayo , was an Aus- tralian psychologist. He is famous for his contribution in Hawthorne studies.
Hawthorne experi- ments were conducted at Western Electric Plant at Chicago. Mayo was involved in the project in and , and interviewed the workers involved in the experiments. Through these studies, Mayo concluded that workers become more productive if they receive attention from the management.
The outcome of his findings in Hawthorne studies later gave way to the human relations movement. The movement fo- cuses on the concept of job satisfaction, group norms, and leadership quality and their significance in the improvement of productivity.
Who developed the concept of profit sharing and participative decision making? Max Weber b. Charles Babbage c. George E. Mayo d.
Robert Owen Contribution of Henry Laurence Gantt: a. Task and bonus plan b. Scientific management c. Programmable computer c. Human relations approach S In charismatic organisations, managerial positions are handed down from one generation to the other irrespective of IM intelligence, knowledge, and experience.
There have been numerous developments in the field of management. Let us study about some of these developments in detail in the subsequent sections. These philosophies have changed the entire gamut of management. Two such important philosophies are just in time JIT and lean pro- duction. JIT is a philosophy of continuous improvement, wherein un- used or waste resources are identified and removed. However, the technique is known as Japa- nese innovation because it was popularised by Toyota Motor Corporation of Japan in JIT involves different disciplines, such as statistics, industrial engineering, production management, and be- havioural science.
JIT is also considered to be an inventory management system in which all waste elements that increase costs are removed. On the other hand, lean manufacturing is a management philosophy that is based on eliminating the activities that do not add any value to the end product and finding efficiencies.
Production is based on customer requirements and not on quan- tity targets, thereby keeping the inventory to a minimum. These philosophies are explained as follows: 5 S: It is a waste eliminating technique used in organisations to im- prove production efficiency. The work area should include only those tools, materials, and instructions that are necessary for production.
N Seiton Straighten : It refers to arranging all the required items in an accessible range for users and substitutes too. All the required tools, instructions, supplies must be kept at a place where they can easily locate and the work flow does not get disrupted.
Seiso Shine : It refers to keeping machines, equipment, and tools clean. Clean items facilitate the use of work area on time. Seiketsu Standardise : It refers to standardising the practices so that they are similar across all the workstations that indulge in the same type of job. This helps employees to complete their jobs with the same type of tools and instructions across all workstations and avoid the chances of confusion. Shitsuke Sustain : It refers to continuing the process of improve- ment.
Six Sigma: It is a technique that lays emphasis on measuring the quality to attain perfection. Six Sigma was developed at Motorola in for improving processes. It is employed by organisations to identify and eliminate the causes of defects in the current process- es and reduce variations. In the process of Six Sigma, In order to implement kaizen successfully, all the employees must be in- volved from top management to lower level workers. Name the philosophy of continuous improvement, wherein unused or waste resources are identified and removed.
In 5S, which of the following refers to organising the work area in such a manner that all the unnecessary items are eliminated? Seiri S b. Seiton c. Seiso d. Seiketsu IM Name the organisation that developed Six Sigma for improving processes. Prepare a report on the practices used in those organisations. The origin of the concept of management can be traced back to B.
The emergence of the management concept is attributed to the industrial revolution which was a shift from manual production methods to new manufacturing processes. The five main chara-cteristics of the industrial revolution are: spe- cialisation, standardisation, synchronisation, maximisation, and centralisation.
The forces that have been behind the evolution of management thought are political forces, social forces, and economic forces. In order to study management, two important approaches have been developed, namely classical approach and modern approach. There are three approaches that fall under modern approach of management, namely the quantitative approach, systems ap- proach, and contingency approach.
There have been many contributions to the field of management. Some of the notable scholars who have developed different con- cepts in management are Charles Babbage, Fredrick W. The latest trends in management have been the introduction of lean management and just in time concept.
Other notable develop- ments in management include 5S, Six sigma, and Kaizen. Synchronisation: It refers to coordination between different M events for the successful operation of a system.
Survival of the fittest: It is a phrase or an expression which means that an element or system that adapts best to the envi- N ronment will continue to exist. Division of labour: It refers to assigning various types of tasks to different people to increase efficiency.
Kaizen: It is a Japanese philosophy that aims to improve work practices and the efficiencies of processes. Discuss the characteristics of the industrial revolution. What are the forces behind the development of management thoughts? Explain the 14 principles of management presented by Henri Fayol.
Write a short note on the quantitative approach to management. Discuss the contributions of Frederick W. Already have an account? Login here. Home eBooks Educational Technology. Educational Technology eBooks Choose from 1 unique titles.
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